consta21

1.
____ did he say?

(Whom/What) 選一個答案
答案是What
用Whom不能嗎? 為什麼不能?

What did he say?=他說了什麼？
不會直接用誰來當say的受詞，因為是He said something to somebody.才對。

我在網路上看見這句，覺得有些類似...
Whom did you see yesterday?
I saw David yesterday.

因為是You saw someone yesterday.的關係。

2.
whoever you respect will respect you as well. 求此句的翻譯
為何要用whoever 而不是whomever呢?

＝你所尊敬的人也會尊敬你。
本句的whoever = any one whom you respect ...
所以名詞子句裡當受詞的關係代名詞可以寫成Whomever you respect
但口語中常以whoever取代whomever，除非直接在介系詞或動詞之後當受詞。

3.
Give the book to whoever you think needs it. 求此句的翻譯
為何要用whomever 而不是whoever呢?

whoever是名詞子句的主詞，要用主格：whoever ... needs it
you think是插入語，屬作者的加註
這裡當介系詞受詞的是一整個名詞子句，不是whoever。
可改成形容詞子句：Give the book to anyone who needs it.

口語時，除非直接放在介系詞之後，下列狀況的whomever通常用whoever取代：
You can invite whomever you like.
Whomever you may ask, you wil not get the answer.